nginx进阶「平滑升级」

时间：2023-07-15 08:16:06来源：

1、为什么要对 nginx 平滑升级

随着 nginx 越来越流行，并且 nginx 的优势也越来越明显，nginx 的版本迭代也来时加速模式，1.9.0版本的nginx更新了许多新功能，例如 stream 四层代理功能，伴随着 nginx 的广泛应用，版本升级必然越来越快，线上业务不能停，此时 nginx 的升级就是运维的工作了

nginx 方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括，就是：（1）在不停掉老进程的情况下，启动新进程。（2）老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求，但不再接受处理请求。（3）新进程接受新请求。（4）老进程处理完所有请求，关闭所有连接后，停止。这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级 nginx，一种是确实要升级 nginx 的版本，另一种是要为 nginx 添加新的模块

Nginx信号简介

主进程支持的信号

TERM, INT: 立刻退出QUIT: 等待工作进程结束后再退出KILL: 强制终止进程HUP: 重新加载配置文件，使用新的配置启动工作进程，并逐步关闭旧进程。USR1: 重新打开日志文件USR2: 启动新的主进程，实现热升级WINCH: 逐步关闭工作进程

工作进程支持的信号

TERM, INT: 立刻退出QUIT: 等待请求处理结束后再退出USR1: 重新打开日志文件3、nginx 平滑升级实战

1、查看现有的 nginx 编译参数

[root@nginx-server ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

按照原来的编译参数安装 nginx 的方法进行安装，只需要到 make，千万不要 make install 。如果make install 会将原来的配置文件覆盖

[root@nginx-server ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --group=nginx --user=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-stream --with-http_image_filter_module[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# make3、备份原 nginx 二进制文件

备份二进制文件和 nginx 的配置文件（期间nginx不会停止服务）

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_$(date %F)

4、复制新的nginx二进制文件，进入新的nginx源码包

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

5、测试新版本的nginx是否正常

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6、给nginx发送平滑迁移信号（若不清楚pid路径，请查看nginx配置文件）

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

7、查看nginx pid，会出现一个nginx.pid.oldbin

[root@nginx-server ~]# ll /var/run/nginx.pid*-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul 1 11:29 /var/run/nginx.pid-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul 1 09:54 /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin

8、从容关闭旧的Nginx进程

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -WINCH `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

9、此时不重载配置启动旧的工作进程

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

10、结束工作进程，完成此次升级

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -QUIT `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

11、验证Nginx是否升级成功

[root@nginx-server ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V4、升级实验

1、安装配置1.6版本的 nginx，重新开启一台机器

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.6.3[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# netstat -lntpProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13989/nginx: master

2、查看版本和模块

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.6.3built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# echo "nginx1.6" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# yum install -y elinks

4、访问验证

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# elinks 10.0.105.189

5、升级nginx

将 nginx 版本进行升级并在不影响业务的情况下添加 SSL 和 pcre 模块

[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=ngiinx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_lod[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak[root@localhost ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log error.log nginx.pid[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx root 13989 0.0 0.0 24860 952 ? Ss 13:55 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxnginx 13990 0.0 0.1 25284 1720 ? S 13:55 0:00 nginx: worker processroot 16525 0.0 0.0 112708 976 pts/2 S 14:09 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx16、nginx 错误页面配置

nginx错误页面包括404 403 500 502 503 504等页面，只需要在server中增加以下配置即可：

#error_page 404 403 500 502 503 504 /404.html; location = /404.html { root /usr/local/nginx/html; }

注意：

/usr/local/nginx/html/ 路径下必须有404.html这个文件！！！

404.html上如果引用其他文件的png或css就会有问题，显示不出来，因为其他文件的访问也要做配置；为了简单，可以将css嵌入文件中，图片用base编码嵌入；如下：

[root@localhost html]# vim 404.html<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" /> <title>404</title> <style> .layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px} .layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center} .layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;} #tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;} </style> </head> <body class="layui-layout-body"> <div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin"> <div class="layui-body"> <div class="layout-table"> <div class="layout-table-cell"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAV4AAACMCAYAAAA0qsGKAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAyBpVFh0WE1MOmNvbS5hZG9iZS54bXAAAAAAADw/eHBhY2tldCBiZWdpbj0i77u/IiBpZD0iVzVNME1wQ2VoaUh6cmVTek5UY3prYzlkIj8 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展示效果；